Water turbine



Dec. 4 1923.

E, sUEss WATER TURBINE Filed May 18 1922 dwf fol-auf JM Patented Dec. 4,1923.

UNETED STATES EDUARD SUESS, OF VENNA. AUSTRA.

WATER TURBNE.

Application led May te,

To all whom t may 00m/em Be it known that I, EDUARD SUnss, a citiy zenof the Republic of Czechoslovakia, residing at Vienna, Austria, haveinvented certain new and useful improvements in and Relating to Waterrlurbines (for which I have iiled an application in Austria December 10,1920), of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to turbines for utilizing the energy of thecurrent or flow of open waters.

Besides all kinds of water-wheels and paddle-wheels which are arrangedin cylindrical casings located under water, the known arrangements fortransforming the water-current into useful energy are based on theprinciple according to which a tubular casing, arranged under water, isprovided with an admission-funnel and at the place where the greatestvelocity of flow is present with oneor more rotor-wheels. Whether inthese known arrangements the casing is of cylindrical or double-funnelshape or a combination of these shapes, only the energy due to theshocks of the running water is utilized, which in most cases will resultin such a comparatively small eifect, that these ar- `rangements werenot extensively in use.

The ,present invention has for its object to utilize also the effect ofthe suction of the water-current in order to produce a suiiioientlygreat eifeet and it consists in providing a casing, located under water,with inlet and outlet of different cross-sectional areas, e. g. to formthe casing as suctionpipe, and mounting one or more rotor wheels at asuitable place in the casing. The effect of suction is increased byproviding at the outlet end of the casing a pipe which is fur nishedwith openings or holes, the said openings causing an eifect of lateralsuction.

yThe one or more rotor wheels are mounted lin the casing preferably insuch a manner, that the cross-sectional area at the outlet 12922. SerialNo. 561,959.

The casing is'formed by an inlet funnel l, an outlet funnel 2 and acylindrically shaped tube 3, a rotor wheel si. being located at thecontracted part of the casing. means of rods or bars 5 the casing isrigidly connected to a float 6 and is anchored or moored at 7. Theproduced energy is tal-:en off the turbine-shaft 8 by bevel-wheels 9 andl0, arranged on a vertical shaft ll. The latter passes through the floatand is provided with a bevel-wheel 12 for the transmission of power. Thecylindricaily shaped tube 3 is provided'with a number of openings orholes 13, through which the water streaming past at the outside producesa suctional effect on the smaller velocity of iow in the outlet funnel,which in the case of inlet and outlet of the same cross-sectional areastrans forms the casing into a suction pipe, whilst in the case of inletand outlet of different cross-sectional areas the effect of suction isincreased. The effect of suction may be varied by covering some of theopenings 13. The rotor wheel may run on a vertically arranged shaft ifpart of the outlet funnel 2 is bent downwardly. rlhis latter arrangementwill considerably simplify the construction.

In the illustrated embodiment the inlet `area is circular and the largeroutlet area elliptical, in order that the turbine may not require to beplaced only in deep water. If desired the openings 13 may be located atthe top and bottom of the elliptical outlet funnel, in which case thecylindricaltube 3 may be dispensed with.

F1 designates the cross-sectional area of the inlet end ofthe inletfunnel, F2 the cross-sectional area at the inlet end of the rotor wheel,F3 the cross-sectional area at the outlet end of the rotor wheel and F 4the cross-sectional area at the outlet end of the outlet funnel. i

rihe increase in the velocity of the amount of water entering in a unitof time depends mainly on the proportion between the areas F1 and F2,and therefore this proportion is chosen in such a manner, that thegreatest possible increase of the water velocity is produced at theplace of admission into the rotor wheel. Points on this will be found inthe theory of Bernoulli. Also provision is made thaty F3 is greater thanF2, which is accomplished either by contracting the cross-section of theboss ofthe rotor wheel or as in the present case by mounting the C12-C429 represents that value, from which owing to the :inequality of theareas F1 and F4 the amount of energy to be produced by the effect ofsuction will depend; g being the acceleration of the free fall.

Therefore the amount of the energy gained by this suctional effect willdepend on the proportion between the cross sections F4 and F1.Experiments have shown that in rapidly flowing water, four or five timesthe energy is produced with a water turbine having the inlet and outletcross-sectional areas in the proportion of l to 3 as compared witharrangements whose casings have the same inlet and outletcross-sectional areas.

To this must be added the gained energy when increasing the suctioneffect by providing the cylindrical tube 3 which is furnished withopenings. Thus a turbine according to the present invention will producea far better effect than the known arrangements.

As regards the lateral suction the following may be statedt-In additionto the before-mentioned effect of suction, the water flowing past thesides of the turbinecasing may be utilized for producing cnergy. This isdue to the fact, that the amount of water Q will leave very slowly theoutlet-opening, while the surrounding water flows past with the fullcurrent speed.

Therefore when attaching a perforated Ycylinder to the end of theturbine-casing, an

ejector-effect will be produced, which will suck the water through theopenings with a speed fue.

The speed we may be expressed by the equation l2 2 vQ=QZ-Q)-=1-(v2v2)(17),

wherein c is the outside speed of the stream, o the speed at theadmission of the amount of water Q into the perforated cylinder, whichis very small owing to the cross-sectional relation.

0n designating the area of an opening with Fe and if n' represents thenumber of openings, the amountof water sucked by the ejector-effect willbe Qe--axreXveigtreeZ-@a -ce.

Therefore the amount of water passing out at the outlet-area of theperforated cylinder will be @Fc-e. ew- 19 According to the law ofcontinuity @utf-lowing water will be The outlet-speed Ca has beenreduced by the effect of the rows of perforations and therefore thehydraulic effect willbe ah, and thus the effect of suction dealt with insection Il has become more advantageous.

l. A water turbine comprising an underwater casing composed of a conicalinlet and of a conical outlet, said outlet being of larger cross sectionthan said inlet, the outlet and inlet being united at the narrow endsand a rotor wheel at the narrowest part of the outlet.

2. A water turbine comprising in combination an under-water casing and arotor wheel in said casing, the outlet of said casing being of largercross section than the inlet, and a cylindrical extension at. the outerend of said outlet, having outflow holesfor the water, so that a lateralsuction effect is produced which augments the suction effect due to thelarger cross section of said outlet. Y Y

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.EDUARD SUESS.

.Wtnessesz CARL LOUDEN Lomi, M. KARLELLAYE.

